Kittiwara-KruEngMsu: Research

SQ10R

Michael F. Shaughnessy,
Eastern New Mexico University,

Psychology Department , Portales,
New Mexico

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F.P. Robinson (1961) developed SQ3R( Survey, Question, Read, Recite, Review ) which was later expanded to PQ 4 R (Preview,Question, Read, Reflect, Recite and Review ( Thomas and Robinson, l972 ).

Many students have found these systems to be most helpful. Developmental/Remedial students may need more assistance than the average freshman, so the following is offered for those students who just need a bit more help and assistance dealing with the massive amounts of reading that needs to be done in college. Other older students who are returning to college after a certain amount of time may also find these hints to be helpful to their learning.

1. SURVEY- The material that you are going to read Look over the chapter, look at the pictures, the charts, the headings and the graphs! Allow about 5 minutes to skim the entire chapter. Just get an overall view or " feel " for the chapter. Do this at a leisurely pace. Enjoy this part of learning.

2. QUESTION- Yourself as to the importance of the material Why should I learn this material? What relevance does this have for me and my life ? How will learning this help me in my

life ? Look for questions in the beginning of the chapter as well as throughout the chapter. Try to keep them in mind as you read thrust the chapter. Looking at the questions and thinking about the questions will facilitate learning.

Some authors have questions at the end of the chapter which help to summarize the material.

3. READ- the assigned material. Read from left to right-Do not jump back. Do not move your lips when you read ( If you do, consult with a reading specialist! ) Use a book mark to keep your place. Underline if you find that helpful. Highlight if you think that beneficial! Be consistent! If your eyes get tired quickly, it may be time for an eye examination. In some cases, it may be time to get bifocals or your lenses changed. Read where there is adequate light. Don't ruin your eyes- they are too important! Some people enjoy reading in the morning and others prefer reading at night. Think about your own learning style. If possible, take a learning style test to find out about how you best learn. There is a self-administered learning style test entitled SAILS ( Self Administered Inventory of Learning Styles ) ( Siegel and Lester, l994 ) that can be self administered in a very brief time. Some colleges have computerized learning style inventories.

4. REFLECT- on what you have read- think about it- ponder about it! Before you go to sleep at night, reflect on the important topics! Think about it while waiting in line. Discuss it with others if possible.

5. REVIEW- the MAIN KEY TERMS, PEOPLE AND THEORIES. Review the material in heavy black letters. Try to review every day. Also, try not to "cram" the night before the test. Periodic review has been shown to be most effective in

helping people learn. It also prevents stress and anxiety. If you feel that you are taking too many courses, it may be wise to withdraw from one to help you cope with the remaining courses.

6. REPEAT- the process as you walk to your next class, your car and in your home environment. Continue to use time wisely- while waiting in line in the store, think about the chapter of the week. Repeat the above steps as the first test approaches.

7. RE-THINK- the material from different points of view. What if the South won the Civil War ? Use the " WHO, WHAT, WHEN, WHERE AND WHY " technique to re=think what you have learned.

For example, Who are the important people, What is the most important concept, When did this occur, Where did this happen and why is this important ?

8. RE-INTEGRATE-the material you have learned with what you have previously learned. How does it relate to previously learned material? Does it fit together? If so,how?

9. RE-HASH- the material by discussing it with your classmates. Sometimes students can teach each other better than the professor- Sometimes students can explain better and can help each other better! Use your classmates and their

notes and study for tests with them! Form a study group.

10. RE-NOTE- by reviewing your notes about the material. Use your notes, your classmates notes and notes on index cards.

Re - note the main points. Each chapter should contain

about 10 main points- Count them off on each finger on each hand ! Review your notes every night. Take notes about 5 what you have read. Put them on index cards or in a special notebook. Keep your notebook organized by topic or date.

11. REHEARSE- What questions might be asked on a test! Recite definitions both in the words of the book and in your own words! Write your own test questions and answer them to make sure that you have learned the material.

12. RE-READ- Reread the summary at the end of the chapter. Re-read the first and last sentence in each and every paragraph. Typically, the most important material is in the first and last sentence, and the rest is just "filler" or collaborative material.

Is all of the above a lot of work? Definitely, yes! However, some students are ill prepared for college work and some need more assistance than others. For the below average college student with a poor reading rate and poor comprehension, the above may help them cope with the large amount of reading that has to be done in a typical semester. As time passes, one may find that they do not need to follow each and every one of these steps. At that point, good habits have been formed. If you try SQ 10 R for about one month and form good habits, you will find learning easier.

Consistency is important to learn these study skills and habits.

References

Robinson, F.P. (1961) Effective study. New York : Harper and Row.

Siegel, J. & Lester, S. (1994) SAILS : Self Administered Learning Styles Inventory. Eastern New Mexico University. Portales, New Mexico

Thomas E.L. & Robinson H.A. (l972) Improving reading in

every class : A Sourcebook for teachers. Boston : Allyn & Bacon